從新創詞詞義離散性組織對比民族語言的延伸模式
學年 97
學期 1
出版（發表）日期 2009-01-01
作品名稱 從新創詞詞義離散性組織對比民族語言的延伸模式
作品名稱（其他語言） Novel Word Meanings and Concept Extension Pattern in Different Languages
著者 何萬儀
單位 淡江大學西班牙語文學系
描述 計畫編號：NSC98-2410-H032-068 研究期間：200908~201007 研究經費：295,000
委託單位 行政院國家科學委員會
摘要 一語言中的詞彙多屬固定，但它的運用卻極具生產力。持多重語意觀點(Multiple senses view)者認為：所有的義項均已儲存於詞語中，當理解或使用詞語時，人們即從許多存記的意義中選取出最符合當時語境的一個；而持單一語意看法(Single sense view)者則主張：一詞所產生的諸多詮釋皆衍生自該詞基本意義，只不過隨出現的語境略有調整罷了。 以上兩種意見究竟何者是最接近語言事實的描述至關重要，因為兩者對於「詞彙的語義內涵為何？」以及「語言運作過程為何？」所提出的解釋相去逕庭。一個強調詞彙內蓄的豐富意涵；另一個則著重義項推衍的心智活動。 所謂多義詞，是指在原有的詞語上賦予新的效能，此乃語言的創造性。然而 因多義或單義觀點的差異，這個創造性也在擴增用法過程中的不同階段發揮作用。 本研究以虛擬詞語為實驗材料，字義的文法屬性均只限名詞。在兩套問卷(完整版及刪減版)裏，每個虛擬詞語出現在數個不同上下文中，由中/西各兩組(15名)不同的受試者就每個詞語在不同上下文所產生的語義適切性評分(0－3分)。 第一項實驗的目的在於檢測上述兩種論點的真實性。 第二項實驗的目的在於確認中/西兩組受試者是否真正了解每個虛擬詞在各個上下文中所指稱的意義。受試者需寫出之前評語義適切性問卷中所有虛擬詞語的各個義項。 這些實驗結果對解釋詞義儲存及語言運作程序具重要的啟示意義。 Novel word meanings and concept extension pattern in different languages The lexicon of a language are largely fixed, but the us of the lexicon is not. For the Multiple senses view, all of the senses are prestored in the lexicon. When comprehending or using the word, people select the most appropriate sense in the present context from the list of preexisting senses they had learned. On the other hand, according to the Single sense view, various interpretations of a word arise through a single meaning stored in the lexicon, only they are further specified or modified by context. It is extremely important to know which of these alternatives tells more of the truth about language, because they lead to quite different notions of both what is stored in the lexicon and how language processing works. On view lays special emphasis on lexical representation, and the other primarily on elaborative processing. Polysemy involves extending a word to new functions, which is a creativity in language. However, the two views of word senses place creativity in different parts of the uses extending process. The research project uses invented words as experiment materials, focusing here on the senses of the words in its noun uses. The first experiment examines which of the two views is closer to the language reality. There are two versions of test (a complete one and an abridged one) in which four groups of subjects (two Spanish and to Chinese) are told to rate the appropriateness of each use of the invented words in different contexts on a 0－3 scale. The second experiment asks subjects to specify what they thought the meaning of each word was after they rated it in order to judge if they fully understood what the intended meaning was in the novel extensions. These results mean a lot for an understanding of word meanings storing and language processing.
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